TWGFD

Welcome to MAPKK !

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are a universal characteristic of eukaryotic cells. These cascades involve the activity of four distinct types of kinases: MAP kinases (MAPKs), MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs) and MAPKKK kinases (MAPKKKKs). MAPK cascades are important for plant growth, development and defence against biotic and abiotic stress. Furthermore, MAPK cascades are very likely to be involved in secondary metabolism, including camalexin, indole glucosinolate, nicotine, anthocyanin and phytoalexin. MAPKKs harboured VGTxxYMSPER conserved signature.